We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4 flört bayanlar Avusturya. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife's sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife's autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women's status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Desk 4 Connection anywhere between dowry/fiance rates (paid of the for the-legislation out-of sisters, someone else on the community and you may neighborhood) and you may wife's position throughout the relationship domestic (OLS)
4.3 Conversation and robustness inspections
From inside the determining brand new ladies' status on the relationship household, the end result of the net dowry (dowry minus bride-to-be rate) may amount. Remember that the level of deferred mehr is roofed individually out of the net dowry as the former is not paid off unless of course separation occurs and should not be considered assets lead towards the relationship. The outcomes suggest that the fresh new possessions put into ount) augment their own decision-and then make fuel and you will flexibility. This type of confident connections aren't surprising due to the fact the fresh connections away from bride-to-be price paid off in the course of relationships work at stop in order to that from dowry however estimations.
Perhaps, a heightened many years or education distinction you are going to deteriorate the brand new wife's position about relationship home. Including decades huge difference including studies change (replacing the brand new partner's ages and you will degree) cannot change the fundamental outcomes, additionally the coefficients of them variables aren't extreme (Appendix Desk 9, Panel B).
The quote process was frequent because of the replacing dowry and you will bride-to-be rate which have web dowry (Appendix Table nine, Panel A)
You to might argue that what amount of age since matrimony was important since the outcome away from dowry (or fiance rates) is greater following matrimony. And additionally years while the ount out-of dowry (replacement woman's ages on relationship) magnifies the beds base effect of dowry for the ladies independence however, decrease its magnitude and also the value top into the women's decision making (Appendix Table 9, Committee C). This simply means that more substantial dowry escalates the wife's liberty inside the the fresh new relationship house just after matrimony; but not, the relationship isn’t somewhat affected by the fresh passing of years while the matrimony.
Zero way of measuring gender ideology is included in the main quote due to endogeneity concerns. One to you are going to argue that introduction of these strategies may weaken the brand new organization anywhere between dowry and you can ladies' condition on the marital household. While we never reject the chance that tastes and you can ideological philosophy about the gender affairs aren't inherent and change over the marital lifetime, the new estimation process was regular because of the also two actions to have son preference: the original varying translates to one to in the event that wife's top amount of sons was greater than compared to daughters in addition to next translates to you to definitely in the event the wife desires give degree in order to sons in place of so you can daughters. Handling to have gender ideology doesn't drastically affect the chief quote efficiency (Appendix Table 9, Committee D). Interestingly, women's decision-making is surely regarding the young buck liking. However, it’s adversely of this preference to have delivering degree in order to sons as compared with daughters. A potential translation is that highly knowledgeable women tends to be up against gender inequality into the knowledge and be much more motivated from the marital home however, prefer which have way more sons than just daughters. So it looks in keeping with some established studies exhibiting that young man preference is more commonplace one of very experienced female in lieu of uneducated female within the Southern Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and Preston 1991).